Mechanical dryers — most commonly rotating Guardiola drums — dry coffee with heated air under controlled conditions.
Why they exist
Wet climates. In regions where harvest coincides with rain, sun drying is unreliable and mould is a constant threat.
Capacity and speed. A drum dries in hours what a patio takes a week to do.
Finishing. Many producers sun-dry to around 20 per cent moisture and finish mechanically, which shortens the vulnerable period.
The risk
Run too hot, mechanical drying damages the bean. Above about 40 °C the coffee dries too fast, the surface hardens before the interior releases moisture, and the result is uneven, unstable and prone to fading in storage.
Slow and cool is the rule, and the temptation to speed things up is the failure mode.
The reputation
Mechanically dried coffee has a poor reputation that reflects badly-run dryers rather than the method. Carefully controlled drying produces excellent results.
Brewing it
Nothing specific.