Macchiato means marked or stained. An espresso macchiato is an espresso marked with a small amount of foamed milk — a teaspoon or two, dropped on top.
Total volume: an espresso cup. Not a mug.
Why it exists
It solves a specific problem. An espresso can be sharp, particularly with a light roast or a slightly under-extracted shot. A spoonful of milk foam rounds the edge without turning it into a milk drink.
In Italian bars it is also a practical signal: a way of asking for a little milk without asking for a cappuccino outside cappuccino hours.
Making one
Pull the espresso. Texture a very small amount of milk — you only need a spoonful of foam, which is awkward because a jug needs volume to texture properly. Most people texture enough for a drink and use the top of it.
Spoon one or two teaspoons of foam onto the surface. That is the whole drink.
The confusion
Coffee chains sell a “caramel macchiato” that is a large milk drink with syrup and a coffee drizzle. It is a perfectly reasonable thing to enjoy and it has almost nothing to do with the Italian drink, which is why ordering a macchiato in Italy and in Seattle produces two experiences that share nothing but a word.
Latte macchiato
The mirror image, and a genuinely different drink: a tall glass of steamed milk with espresso poured slowly through it, producing distinct layers. The milk is marked with coffee rather than the coffee marked with milk.
Questions people actually ask
Why is the one in the coffee chain so big?
Because it is a different drink that borrowed the name. A “caramel macchiato” is a large milk drink with syrup. The Italian macchiato is an espresso with a spoonful of foam, and it fits in an espresso cup.
What is a latte macchiato then?
The reverse: milk marked with coffee. A tall glass of steamed milk with espresso poured through it, giving visible layers. Milkier than a latte.