CO₂ decaffeination uses carbon dioxide held above its critical point, where it behaves as both a liquid and a gas.
How it works
Moistened green coffee is placed in a pressure vessel and supercritical CO₂ is circulated through it at very high pressure. The CO₂ selectively dissolves caffeine while leaving most larger flavour molecules behind.
The caffeine is then separated and the CO₂ recycled.
Why it works well
Selectivity. CO₂ is unusually good at targeting caffeine specifically, so flavour retention is excellent — arguably the best of the commercial methods.
No solvent residue. The CO₂ simply evaporates.
The limitation
Cost. The pressure vessels are expensive and only economic at industrial scale, which is why CO₂ decaf tends to appear in large-volume commercial coffee rather than in small specialty lots.
What to look for
Bags rarely specify. If a decaf is from a specialty roaster it is most likely Swiss Water or EA; if it is a supermarket brand it may well be CO₂ or a solvent method.
Brewing it
Grind coarser and re-dial.