What is the difference between a cappuccino and a latte?

The classic definition is that a cappuccino is roughly equal thirds: espresso, steamed milk, and foam. A latte is espresso with considerably more steamed milk and a thin layer of foam.

In practice the difference people notice is foam depth and cup size.

Cappuccino

Traditionally 150 to 180 ml, in a cup rather than a glass. A single or double shot, milk, and a foam layer thick enough to hold its shape — you can rest a spoon on it, and a dusting of chocolate sits on the surface rather than sinking.

The point is contrast: you get foam first, then coffee and milk together. Italian cappuccino is a morning drink and is not usually served after a meal.

Latte

220 to 350 ml, often in a glass. Same espresso, considerably more milk, and thin foam — maybe half a centimetre. The drink is uniform rather than layered, and much gentler.

What went wrong in the English-speaking world

Chain coffee shops scaled cappuccinos to 350 or 450 ml, which changes the drink entirely. A cappuccino with three times the milk is a latte with thick foam, and the balance that defines the drink disappears. If you find cappuccinos weak and disappointing, this is usually why — try one in a 150 ml cup and it is a different experience.

Making the distinction at home

Same espresso in both cases. The difference happens in the jug: stretch longer for a cappuccino to build a thicker foam layer, less for a latte. Then pour differently — for a cappuccino, hold the jug higher and let the foam sit; for a latte, pour lower and closer so the milk goes under the crema.